The tag for much of the information about immigrants in the census is "foreign born." "This includes naturalized U.S. citizens, lawful permanent residents (immigrants), temporary migrants (such as foreign students), humanitarian migrants (such as refugees), and people illegally present in the United States." (Census web site)
The Census Bureau administers the American Community Survey. Among the questions asked is "place of birth." The Census Bureau provides a chart explaining the tools available to retrieve statistics. Data for analysis with statistical packages can also be downloaded for analysis from the web site of the Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR).
The program administers a monthly survey of about "150,000 businesses and government agencies, representing approximately 390,000 individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls" (BLS web site)
Begun in the 1940s to track employment and unemployment in the United States. The current sample size is approximately 60,000 households monthly. Data are available from the 1960s on. The Bureau of Labor Statistics administers the survey and produces data-based reports on various topics, including foreign born workers.
Other government agencies have "piggy backed" on the CPS through supplementary surveys on specific topics, including immigration. A chart of those supplements indicates the topics, the months and years they were administered, and whether or not the data are available. Data can be obtained via several sources.
Handbook of U.S. Labor Statistics
Compilation of statistical tables, including those about foreign-born population, based on Bureau of Labor Statistics data. Location: Stokes (SPR) and Firestone (F) (call no. HD8051.A63--Current volume in (DSS) Data and Statistical Services.)
Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics
Census program that combines "federal and state administrative data on employers and employees with core Census Bureau censuses and surveys." Provides access to Quarterly Workforce Indicators (QWI) "a set of economic indicators -- including employment, job creation, wages, and worker turnover -- that can be queried by different levels of geography -- state, county, metro, and workforce investment area -- as well as by detailed industry, gender, and age of workers." (Census web site)
Information about labor trends and job market prospects, based on Bureau of Labor Statistics survey data, include state occupational projections and state sources of information. Oldert print volumes are in Firestone (F) stacks (call no. HD5723.O15).
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
In addition to national level statistics by industry, this site links to state-level statistics. Search injury, illness or fatality data with the key phrase "foreign born" yields more than 50 documents.
Panel Study on Income Dynamics
A longitudinal survey begun in 1968 to follow the economic and demographic changes in a representative sample of U.S. families. In 1997, the sample was revised to include post-1968 immigrants and their adult children. "In 1990 the PSID added 2,000 Latino households consisting of families originally from Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Cuba. But while this sample did represent three major groups of immigrants, it missed out on the full range of post-1968 immigrants, Asians in particular. Because of this crucial shortcoming, and a lack of sufficient funding, the Latino sample was dropped after 1995, and a sample of 441 post-1968 immigrant families was added in 1997. In 1999, an additional 70 families were added in for a total of 511 immigrant families as of 1999. These families are included on the files along with the core PSID families...Information on the Immigrant Sample is available in the 1997 and 1999 main interview documentation." (PSID web site)
Yearbook of Immigration Statistics
Admissions on permanent basis, temporary basis, aylum or refugee status, naturalizations. Older volumes, under the title Statistical Yearbook of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, can be found either at Firestone (F) or Stokes (SPR) (call number JV6461 .S8).
Other Immigration Statistics as well as annual publications (Annual Flow Reports, Annual Reports, Annual Population Estimates, etc.) can be found on the Homeland Security web site.