Citing research data in a manner similar to traditional scholarly works can help ensure proper attribution, improve reproducibility, improve discoverability, and help provide credit for data as a scholarly output. According to Force11's examples of Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles and the Digital Curation Centre's How to Cite Datasets and Link to Publications Data should be cited as follows:
Persistent Identifiers, also called Permanent Identifiers, provide a way to provide a permanent link to a dataset or other digital object regardless of hardware or domain changes a repository may make over time. Persistent Identifiers are generally provided when data is deposited in to a repository. Several types of persistent identifiers are currently in use, including Handles (HDL), Archival Resource Keys (ARKs), Persistent URLs (PURLs), and Digital Object Identifiers (DOI). Most researchers are familiar with DOIs as this is the system used for most electronic journal articles. For more information on repositories, visit the section on Preservation.
DataSpace at Princeton is implemented to provide ARKs for datasets.
For more information on Persistent Identifiers, visit the California Digital Library's webpage on Understanding Identifiers.